How Is the Nigerian President Elected? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Electoral Process

A voter casting a ballot with a Permanent Voter Card during the Nigeria presidential election process supervised by INEC.
A voter casts a ballot after biometric verification during Nigeria’s presidential election process.

How is the Nigerian president elected? The Nigerian president is elected through a nationwide vote conducted by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) under the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

A candidate must win the majority of votes cast and secure at least 25% of votes in two-thirds of the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

Nigeria’s presidential election is one of the most significant democratic exercises in Africa, determining leadership in the continent’s most populous nation.

Understanding how the Nigerian president is elected helps citizens, observers, and researchers appreciate the structure and safeguards built into the Nigerian electoral system.

Eligibility Requirements to Run for President

Before anyone can contest the presidency, they must meet constitutional requirements outlined in the 1999 Constitution.

Key Eligibility Requirements

A presidential candidate must:

  • Be a citizen of Nigeria by birth
  • Be at least 35 years old
  • Be a member of a registered political party
  • Be sponsored by that political party
  • Have at least a school certificate-level education (or equivalent)

Independent candidacy is currently not permitted under Nigeria’s electoral framework. All candidates must run under a registered political party recognized by INEC.

Understanding the Nigerian Electoral System

Nigeria operates a modified two-round system for presidential elections. This system is designed to ensure that the winner has both national spread and broad support across the federation.

Unlike a simple majority system, the Nigerian electoral system requires a candidate to meet a “Double Requirement” to avoid a runoff election.

The Voting System: The Double Requirement Explained

To win the presidential election outright, a candidate must satisfy two constitutional conditions:

1. Win a Plurality of Votes Nationwide

The candidate must receive the highest number of valid votes cast across Nigeria. This is known as winning by plurality.

2. Secure 25% of Votes in Two-Thirds of States (Including the FCT)

In addition to winning the popular vote, the candidate must obtain:

  • At least 25% of the votes
  • In at least two-thirds of the 36 states
  • And the Federal Capital Territory (FCT)

Two-thirds of 36 states equals 24 states. Therefore, a candidate must secure 25% of votes in at least 24 states plus the FCT.

What Happens If No Candidate Meets Both Conditions?

If no candidate satisfies both requirements:

  • A second round (runoff) election is conducted.
  • The runoff is held between
    • The candidate with the highest number of votes, and
    • The candidate with the next highest spread of votes across states.

This mechanism ensures national representation and prevents regional dominance.

The Role of INEC

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is the constitutional body responsible for organizing and supervising elections in Nigeria.

INEC’s Responsibilities Include:

  • Registering political parties
  • Registering voters
  • Conducting presidential, governorship, and legislative elections
  • Announcing official election results
  • Ensuring compliance with electoral laws

INEC operates independently but within the framework of the 1999 Constitution and the Electoral Act.

Modern Technology in Nigerian Elections

To improve transparency and credibility, Nigeria has introduced digital innovations in recent election cycles.

Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS)

The Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) is an electronic device used to:

  • Verify voters using fingerprint and facial recognition
  • Prevent multiple voting
  • Authenticate voter identity before ballot issuance

BVAS enhances election integrity by reducing fraud and irregularities.

INEC Result Viewing Portal (IReV)

INEC also introduced the IReV portal, which:

  • Uploads polling unit results in real-time
  • Allows citizens to view results online
  • Increases transparency and public confidence

These technological reforms represent a significant evolution in the Nigerian electoral system.

From Primaries to Inauguration: The Democratic Journey

The process of electing a Nigerian president follows several structured stages:

1. Party Primaries

Political parties conduct internal elections to select their presidential candidates.

2. Campaign Period

Candidates campaign nationwide, presenting policy agendas to voters.

3. Nationwide Voting

Eligible citizens cast their ballots on Election Day.

4. Collation and Declaration

INEC collates results from polling units to state and national levels before officially declaring the winner.

5. Swearing-In Ceremony

The declared winner is inaugurated on May 29, marking the beginning of a four-year term.

Conclusion

Understanding how the Nigerian president is elected reveals a carefully structured democratic process designed to ensure national legitimacy and broad representation. Through constitutional requirements, the 25% spread rule, and modern tools like BVAS and IReV, Nigeria’s electoral system aims to balance majority rule with federal inclusivity.

From party primaries to inauguration, the journey reflects both constitutional order and the will of the Nigerian electorate—hallmarks of a functioning democracy.

Pakistan declares “open war” on Afghanistan after bombing Kabul and other cities.

Daytime explosions near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border as fighter jets fly over a city skyline amid rising smoke.
Smoke and fire rise beyond the city skyline during reported military operations near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.

Pakistan has launched airstrikes on the Afghan capital, Kabul, and other major cities, with its defense minister declaring an “open war” against the Taliban-led government.

The escalation follows months of tit-for-tat border clashes and retaliatory attacks that have left dozens dead on both sides.

Explosions were reported in Kabul, Kandahar, and Paktia provinces early on February 27, 2026, with Pakistani forces targeting Taliban defense locations.

Defense Minister Khawaja Asif stated that Pakistan’s patience had “run out,” describing the situation as “open war” after Afghan forces attacked Pakistani border positions.

Islamabad claims the strikes killed over 130 Taliban operatives, while Afghan officials report civilian casualties, including women and children in Paktia.

The Pakistani military released images of the operation, which it named “Ghazab lil-Haq” (Righteous Fury), marking the first time Islamabad has directly targeted Taliban installations rather than militants allegedly backed by them.

Afghanistan’s Taliban government condemned the strikes as aggression, with spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid confirming Pakistani air attacks on Kabul and other areas.

This escalation threatens to destabilize the region, similar to ongoing US military deployments supporting Nigeria against ISWAP.

The clashes intensified after Afghan forces launched retaliatory strikes following earlier Pakistani bombings near the border.

Both sides have traded accusations, with Pakistan alleging unprovoked attacks on its territory and Afghanistan claiming self-defense.

This conflict threatens to destabilize the 2,600-kilometer border region, already a hotspot for militants and smuggling. Analysts warn that the escalation could draw in regional powers, with implications for security in South Asia.

The United States and other international actors have called for restraint, urging dialogue to prevent a full-scale war.

The situation remains fluid, with heavy gunfire and shelling reported near the Torkham border crossing.

Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif has vowed that its armed forces are ready to “crush any aggressive ambitions,” while Afghanistan’s leadership has vowed to defend its sovereignty.

JAMB Increases CBT Centers to 1,000 for the UTME in 2026

Students sit at desktop computers during a computer-based examination in a modern testing centre.

The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) has expanded its Computer-Based Test (CBT) centers to over 1,000 nationwide for the 2026 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME), up from about 800 in 2025.

This increase aims to reduce congestion, minimize travel burdens for candidates, and ensure a smoother registration and examination process.

Registrar Prof. Ishaq Oloyede announced the development during a training program for test developers at the University of Ibadan, emphasizing the board’s commitment to efficiency and credibility.

Registration for the 2026 UTME began on January 26, 2026, and will close on February 28, 2026, with no extensions planned.

Over 1 million candidates have already registered, surpassing expectations and reflecting the board’s improved infrastructure.

JAMB has completed the automation of its question-setting process, marking the final phase of a 10-year digitization effort to enhance examination integrity.

The board has also barred CBT centers without remote monitoring capabilities from participating under the “No Vision, No Registration, No UTME” policy to curb infractions.

The expansion addresses longstanding issues, such as students traveling across states for exams, which often leads to missed opportunities due to distance, cost, or timing.

The Borno State Government is contributing by constructing a N1 billion administrative and CBT center in Maiduguri, further boosting capacity.

Officials urge candidates to register early and verify accredited centers to avoid fraudulent practices.

This initiative is part of JAMB’s push for landmark examinations, with more than 1.5 million candidates projected.

Stakeholders commend the move, though some call for fee reductions from N3,500. As the registration deadline approaches, candidates are advised to secure ePINs promptly to avoid last-minute stress.

While JAMB works to improve access through more CBT centers, the registrar is now urging candidates to protest admission bias when they believe their UTME scores have been unfairly overlooked.

FG Announces Free Ebonyi Cancer Screening

Healthcare workers conduct routine cancer screening for adults during a public health initiative in a modern medical center.

The Federal Government of Nigeria has launched a nationwide free cancer screening program in Ebonyi State, targeting early detection of breast, cervical, and prostate cancers for 1,000 residents.

The initiative, flagged off by the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Daju Kachollom, at the David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital (DUFUTH) in Uburu on February 25, 2026, aims to address the alarming rise in cancer cases across the country.

According to Prof. Robinson Onoh, Chief Medical Director of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA), Nigeria recorded 127,000 cancer cases and 79,000 deaths between 2022 and 2025.

The screening focuses on vulnerable groups, including women, men, children, the elderly, indigents, and pregnant women, as part of broader efforts to improve healthcare access and reduce mortality through prevention and early intervention.

The program is part of a collaborative effort between the Federal Ministry of Health and hospitals like DUFUTH, which have already provided free medical treatment to over 8,000 individuals in its first phase of outreach.

Kachollom commissioned new facilities at DUFUTH, including electric stretcher trolleys and a physiotherapy center, during the event.

The screening will continue across zones until the end of February 2026, emphasizing the importance of regular check-ups to combat the disease’s high fatality rate.

Health experts highlight that early detection significantly improves survival rates, urging Nigerians to participate in such initiatives. The government has committed to expanding the program, with similar screenings planned in other states to foster national health equity.

This development underscores Nigeria’s push for proactive healthcare measures amid rising non-communicable diseases.

“The screening focuses on vulnerable groups amid broader health challenges like Lassa fever outbreaks in Edo and Plateau.”

As reported by Punch Newspapers here, the ministry’s efforts are geared toward sustainable cancer care.

Court Adjourns El-Rufai’s Arraignment to April 23 Amid DSS Charges

Federal courtroom in Abuja with a judge’s gavel and legal documents during a high-profile legal proceeding.

The Federal High Court in Abuja has adjourned the arraignment of former Kaduna State Governor Nasir El-Rufai to April 23, 2026, following the Department of State Services’ (DSS) failure to produce him in court.

Justice Joyce Abdulmalik made the ruling after the prosecution informed the court that El-Rufai remains in the custody of the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) for an ongoing investigation into alleged misappropriation of funds during his tenure.

The DSS had filed a three-count charge against El-Rufai for alleged unlawful interception of communications, stemming from comments he made during a television interview.

The case, marked FHC/ABJ/CR/99/2026, was assigned by Chief Judge John Tsoho and initially scheduled for February 25, 2026, but could not proceed due to the defendant’s absence.

Defense counsel applied for bail, but Justice Abdulmalik rejected the plea as premature, stating that bail could only be considered after arraignment.

The judge emphasized that it was the prosecution’s responsibility to ensure the defendant’s presence. This development adds to El-Rufai’s ongoing legal battles, including a N1 billion suit against the ICPC for alleged unlawful invasion of his residence.

The charges relate to violations of the Cybercrimes Act, specifically involving the alleged phone-tapping of National Security Adviser Nuhu Ribadu. El-Rufai has denied the allegations, describing them as politically motivated amid his criticism of the current administration.

The adjournment provides time for coordination between agencies, but it raises questions about inter-agency cooperation and the handling of high-profile cases.

In the body or conclusion: “This development adds to El-Rufai’s ongoing legal battles, including his N1bn suit against ICPC for residence invasion and Atiku’s demand for transparency on his detention.”

This case highlights tensions in Nigeria’s political landscape, with calls for transparency in investigations involving former officials.

While El-Rufai continues his legal battles, other prominent politicians are repositioning themselves, as seen with the APC clearing Yahaya Bello for the Kogi senatorial ticket.

Atiku raises health concerns and demands transparency on El-Rufai’s detention.

El-Rufai and Atiku Abubakar in discussion during a meeting in Nigeria

Former Vice President Atiku Abubakar has called for immediate transparency from the Federal Government regarding the detention of former Kaduna State Governor Nasir El-Rufai, highlighting serious health concerns and restricted access to family, lawyers, and medical care.

In a statement posted on his verified Facebook page on February 24, 2026, Atiku described the situation as “deeply troubling” and unacceptable in a democracy, emphasizing that El-Rufai’s health and welfare are a matter of grave concern to his family, friends, and associates.

Atiku noted reports that El-Rufai suffered a nosebleed in custody, while family members were allegedly denied access, raising questions about the conditions of his detention.

He urged the government to clarify which agency is holding El-Rufai whether the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC), the Department of State Services (DSS), or another security establishment.

“Secrecy in matters of detention only fuels suspicion,” Atiku stated, adding that Nigerians deserve clarity.

The former vice president warned that the government would be held accountable if anything happens to El-Rufai, stressing that whichever agency is responsible has a constitutional duty to guarantee his safety, dignity, access to medical care, and contact with family and legal representatives.

If the authorities cannot ensure these rights, Atiku suggested granting El-Rufai bail without delay as the lawful and humane course of action.

This intervention comes amid escalating political tensions, with El-Rufai facing investigations into his governance from 2015 to 2023, which he claims are politically motivated.

“The call for transparency continues amid court adjourning El-Rufai’s arraignment to April 23.

The government has not responded to Atiku’s demands, but the call underscores broader concerns over executive overreach and respect for the rule of law in Nigeria.

El-Rufai Files N1bn Suit Against ICPC Over Unlawful Invasion of Residence

Nasir El-Rufai speaks at a formal public event while addressing an audience.

Former Kaduna State Governor Nasir El-Rufai has filed a N1 billion fundamental rights enforcement suit against the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) for the alleged unlawful invasion of his Abuja residence.

The suit, dated and filed on February 20, 2026, at the Federal High Court in Abuja, names the ICPC, the Chief Magistrate of the Magistrate’s Court of the FCT, the Inspector-General of Police, and the Attorney-General of the Federation as respondents.

El-Rufai alleges that ICPC officers invaded his home at No. 12 Mambilla Street, Aso Drive, Abuja, on February 19, 2026, around 2 p.m., using an invalid search warrant.

He described the warrant as “null and void” due to lack of particularity, material drafting errors, ambiguity in execution parameters, overbreadth, and absence of probable cause.

In the originating motion, El-Rufai seeks seven reliefs, including a declaration that the invasion violated his right to privacy, a permanent injunction against further searches, and N1 billion in damages for the distress and humiliation caused.

The former governor, through his lawyer, argued that the actions constitute executive overreach and a deliberate disregard for the rule of law.

This legal action follows El-Rufai’s recent political activities, including his defection and criticism of the current administration.

The ICPC has not publicly responded to the suit, but the case is expected to draw attention to issues of agency conduct and constitutional rights.

“This legal action follows El-Rufai’s recent political activities, including his anticipation of arrest upon return to Nigeria.”

This development highlights tensions between former officials and investigative bodies, raising questions about accountability and legal protections in Nigeria.

28 Students Are Expelled from University of Abuja for Drug and Cultism Offenses

A disciplinary notice is displayed at the University of Abuja as students walk calmly across campus.

The University of Abuja has expelled 28 students for various disciplinary offenses, including cult-related activities, drug possession, examination malpractice, and result forgery.


The decision was approved by the university’s Senate at its 191st Regular Meeting on January 28, 2026, following recommendations from the Student Disciplinary Committee.

Acting Director of Information and University Relations, Dr. Habib Yakoob, stated that the expelled students were found culpable of serious misconduct, such as threat to life, assault, conspiracy, burglary, theft, possession and use of hard drugs, and falsification of O-Level results for admission.

Additionally, the Senate withdrew certificates from 15 graduates for similar infractions, emphasizing the institution’s commitment to upholding academic integrity and campus safety.

Nine students were exonerated after investigations, while 33 others received warnings for lesser violations like conspiracy, hostel racketeering, and fighting.

The university’s actions aim to maintain a conducive environment free from disruptive behaviors.

This development comes amid broader concerns about cultism and drug abuse in Nigerian universities, where such issues often lead to violence and academic disruptions.

The university’s actions aim to maintain a conducive environment, similar to recent bans on Neolife and Faith Heroic Group in Nigerian universities.”

UniAbuja’s firm stance reflects ongoing efforts to enforce codes of conduct and protect the student body. Students are advised to adhere to regulations, with the institution vowing to continue monitoring and disciplining offenders.

APC Candidate Wins FCT AMAC Chairmanship Election

APC logo with hand holding broom on Nigeria flag colors for All Progressives Congress party

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has declared Christopher Maikalangu of the All Progressives Congress (APC) as the winner of the Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) chairmanship election in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

The election, held on February 21, 2026, saw Maikalangu, the incumbent chairman, secure 40,295 votes out of 62,861 valid votes cast, defeating his closest rival from the African Democratic Congress (ADC) who garnered 12,109 votes.

The People’s Democratic Party (PDP) candidate received 3,398 votes, while other parties trailed behind.

Collation Officer Andrew Abue announced the results early Sunday, stating that Maikalangu satisfied the legal requirements and was returned elected.

Voter turnout was low in some areas, but the process was described as free and fair in key polling units, including Maikalangu’s own unit where he won by a landslide with 229 votes against ADC’s 15.

The APC also secured victories in other FCT area councils, including Bwari, Kwali, and Abaji, while the PDP won at least one.

This result consolidates APC’s hold in the FCT, with Maikalangu’s re-election attributed to strong support in urban areas.

Elderly voters and observers called for improved governance, emphasizing the need for better services in AMAC.

AMAC Chairmanship Election Results

PartyCandidateVotes
APCChristopher Maikalangu40,295
ADCPaul Moses/Ogidi12,109
PDP3,398
SDP2,185
APGAOnyebuchi Chukwu1 (in one unit)

Data compiled from INEC announcements.

“The APC also secured victories in other FCT area councils, reflecting the party’s dominance amid recent Senate passage of the Electoral Act 2026

The outcome reflects ongoing political dynamics in the FCT, with implications for local administration and service delivery.

ECOWAS Eco Currency: Plans for Naira Replacement by 2027 Spark Debate

Editorial illustration representing debate over a proposed West African single currency replacing the naira.

A viral video by influencer Flora the Digital Banker has ignited discussions about the potential replacement of the Nigerian Naira with the Eco currency starting in 2027.

The video claims that Nigeria and 11 other West African countries will adopt the Eco as a single currency, modeled after the Euro, to promote economic integration and stability.

While the claim has spread widely on social media, experts clarify that 2027 is a target date, not a guaranteed launch, amid ongoing preparations and challenges.

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has long pursued the Eco as a common currency for its 15 member states, aiming to facilitate trade, reduce transaction costs, and foster price stability.

At the December 2025 summit in Abuja, leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the 2027 rollout, but the process has faced multiple delays since the initial 2020 target.

Central bank governors, including Nigeria’s, met in Monrovia in February 2026 to finalize technical and institutional frameworks, focusing on fiscal and monetary convergence criteria like inflation control and deficit limits.

Nigeria, as ECOWAS’s largest economy, plays a pivotal role but has raised concerns about external influence, particularly from France, which backs the CFA franc used by eight WAEMU countries.

Reports indicate the Eco could launch in phases, potentially excluding WAEMU nations initially, with Nigeria and Ghana leading the first wave.

This phased approach addresses sovereignty issues, as Nigeria opposes any foreign control over the currency’s management or printing.

Proponents argue the Eco would enhance cross-border transactions and shield against dollar dominance, but critics highlight risks like loss of monetary policy independence and economic disparities among members.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) emphasizes the need for robust preparations to avoid instability.

While the influencer’s call for public engagement is timely, fact-checks confirm no immediate Naira scrapping in 2027; it’s an aspirational goal subject to consensus. Stakeholders urge vigilance as ECOWAS advances the plan.

Watch the viral video from influencer Flora the Digital Banker below, where she discusses the alleged ECOWAS Eco currency plans: